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MISCELLA FILTRATION

MISCELLA  FILTRATION

For  the  production  of  lecithin  it  is  important  to  have  a  very  clean  oil  and  specially  in  the  case  of  soyabean  oil  this  is  applicable.

The  normal  extraction  plants  have  a  number  of  different  filter  methods  varying  from  the  more  common  hydro  cyclones  to  a  more  advanced  rotating  strainer.  All  methods  however  do  not  give  the  micelle  the  required  clarity  to  guarantee  a  very  low  level  of  insoluble.  When  the  miscella  is  filtered  using  a  precoat  filter  (MV  type)  with  the  addition  of  some  body  feed  it  is  quite  common  to  guarantee  max  0.1 %  insoluble  matter  in  the  final  lechitin.

The  advantage  of  properly  filtered  miscella  is  also  the  avoidance  of  solids  getting  to  the  evaporators/distillation  equipment.

The  disadvantage  is  the  fact  that  filtration  has  to  take  place  in  the  extraction  area  and  the  filters  have  to  be  fully  explosion  proof  in  their  design.

For  miscella  filter  (miscella  =  20  -  25 %  oil  and  80  -  75 %  hexane)  we  can  use  high  flow  rates  which  will  allow  the  filters  to  be  relative  small  but  some  will  still  prefer  filtration  in  the  crude  oil  phase  after  the  evaporators.  The  filter  cake  from  the  filters  is   send  back  to  the  extractor  from  where  it  will  be  mixed  with  the rest  of  the  cake  follow  its  way  to  the  DT.

Vertical leaf type filters

For the filtration of crude oil vertical tank / vertical leaf and horizontal tank / vertical leaf type filters are used. The horizontal tank model RS (retractable shell) or RB (retractable bundle) used to be more common to the industry and combine easy operation with visual inspection of the filter cake discharge. They are also available in sizes however can also limit the use of this filter and the MVDCD vertical filter is more and more used in the application as well. For most crude oil applications we recommend to use our special LFC Lochem 60 mesh plain weave filter screen, which is exceptionally suitable as a bearer for fibrous filter cakes. It produces a clear oil and enables a good and easy cake discharge of the filter cake. For some oils, however, the filter screen has to be carefully selected in respect to the type and quantity of solids expected. Our expertise in this application enables us to specify the right type of screen for each oil to be filtered. The actual filter cycle consists of the following steps: – FILL FILTER – RECIRCULATION – FILTRATION – EMPTY FILTER TANK – DRY FILTER CAKE – DISCHARGE FILTER CAKE

Filtration of the crude expelled oil 2

Filtration  of  the  crude  expelled  oil  is  essential  to  remove  the  remaining  solids  (foots)  from  the  oil,  before  it  is  sent  further  for  downstream  processing  i.e.  degumming  and  refining.  The  presence  of  solids  in  the  oil  creates  problems  in  the  refining  stage  and  a  good  clean  oil  will  prevent  these  problems  from  happening.

In  some  plants  the  use  of  a  continous  system  by  means  of  a  decanter  centrifuge  is  practised   but  the  oil  coming  from  this  decanter  still  contains  a  small  amount  of  solids,  which  could  interfere  with  the  refining.  Using  a  decanter  has  a  advantage  of  being  continous,  but  at  the  same  time  has  several  disadvantages:

-          High  intial  investment  costs

-          High  energy  consumption

-          High   costs  of  spare  parts  and  maintenance.

It  is  for  these  reasons  that  the  use  of  a  pressure  leaf  type  filter  is  recommended  and  practiced  throughout  the  world.

The  more  common  oils  filtered  are:  palm  kernel,  coconut,  rape  seed,  sunflower  seed,  peanut,  cotton  seed  oil  and  linseed.

In  the  larger  size  crushing  plants  for  sunflower,  rape/canola,  we  see  that  the  continuous  decanter  centrifuge  is  used  to  improve  the  operation  of  the  plant.

THE FILTRATION OF CRUDE EXPELLED OIL

The  oldest  method  of  mechanical  oil  extraction  is  the  use  of  cloth  or  bags  in  which  the  seeds  are  contained  and  applying  pressure  on  the  cloth  or  bags  to  obtain  the  oil  from  seeds.  Presently  the  oil  seeds  are  pressed  exclusive  with  continuous  screw  presses  or  expellers.  The  full  press  applications  press  the  oil  and  the  meal  is  not  further  treated.  At  the  pre-press  operations  the  pressed  cake  is  processed  in  the  extractor  to  remove  the  residual  oil.  The  expelled  oil  is  pre-cleaned,  using  screend  or  a  screening  tank  to  remove  the  larger  solids  in  the  expelled  oil.  After  pre-cleaning  the  oil  is  kept  in  a crude  oil  storage  tank  before  being  filtered.